{"id":12562,"date":"2017-10-22T11:30:22","date_gmt":"2017-10-22T14:30:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cintamani.com.br\/loja\/?post_type=glossary&p=12562"},"modified":"2022-06-06T16:53:51","modified_gmt":"2022-06-06T19:53:51","slug":"oito-stupas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cintamani.com.br\/loja\/oito-stupas\/","title":{"rendered":"Oito Stupas"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>(1) Stupa of Heaped Lotuses
\nCommemorates the Buddha’s birth at Lumbini, where he took seven steps in each of the four directions, from which lotuses sprang.<\/p>\n

The Lotus Blossom Chorten<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

The Chorten is also known as the Chorten of heaped Lotuses. It refers to the birth of the Buddha. At birth Buddha took seven steps in each of the four directions- East, South, West and North. In each direction lotuses sprang, symbolising the four immeasurable of love, compassion, joy and equanimity.<\/p>\n

The four steps of the basis of the Chorten are circular, and decorated with lotus-petal designs. Seven heaped lotus steps are constructed occasionally. This refers to the seven first steps of the Buddha.<\/p>\n

\n

\"\"<\/a>(2) Stupa of Awakening (Enlightenment) or the Conquest of Mara
\nCommemorates the Buddha’s defeat of Mara, and his awakeningt under the bodhi tree at Bodhgaya.<\/p>\n

The Chorten of Enlightenment\"\"<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

This enlightenment Chorten is also known as the Chorten of the conquest of Mara. It symbolises the 35 year old Buddha\u2019s attainment of enlightenment in the village of Magadha in Bodhgaya under the Bodhi tree on the 15th<\/sup>\u00a0day of the 4th<\/sup>month in the Bhutanese calendar.<\/p>\n

It is here that the Buddha subdued all the evils and conquest worldly temptations and attacks manifesting in the form of Mara.<\/p>\n

\n

\"\"<\/a> \"\"<\/a>(3) Stupa of Many Doors or Gates
\nCommemorates the Buddha’s first turning of the Wheel of Dharma in the Deer Park at Sarnath near Varanasi.<\/p>\n

The Chorten of many Doors<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

The Chorten of many Doors is also known as the Chorten of many gates. After attaining enlightenment, the Buddha taught his first students in a deer park near Sarnath in Varanasi on the 4th<\/sup>\u00a0day of the Sixth Bhutanese month.<\/p>\n

The series of doors on each side of the steps represent the first teachings of the Buddha- the four noble truths, the six perfections and the noble eightfold path.<\/p>\n

\n

\"\"<\/a> \"\"<\/a>(4) Stupa of Miracles
\nCommemorates the Buddha’s miraculous defeat of the non-Buddhists (tirthika) in the Jetvana Grove at Shravasti.<\/p>\n

The Chorten of descent from the God Realm<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

At the age of 42, Buddha spent a summer retreat in Tushita Heaven, where his mother had taken rebirth. In order to repay her kindness he taught the dharma to his mother reincarnate. So in order to commemorate this event the local inhabitants built a Chorten on the 22nd<\/sup>\u00a0day of the 9th<\/sup>\u00a0Bhutanese month.<\/p>\n

This stupa is characterised with a central projection at each side containing a triple ladder or steps.<\/p>\n

\n

\"\"<\/a> \"\"<\/a>(5) Stupa of Descent from the God Realm
\nCommemorates the summer retreat that the Buddha spent teaching the reincarnation of his mother in the heavenly realm of Tushita, and his descent from this realm at the city of Sankasya.<\/p>\n

The Chorten of great miracles<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

This Chorten refers to various miracles performed by the Buddha when he was 50 years old. Legend claims that he overpowered Maras and heretics by engaging them in intellectual arguments and also by performing miracles.<\/p>\n

This Chorten was raised by the Lichavi Kingdom to commemorate the event.<\/p>\n

\n

\"\"<\/a> \"\"<\/a>(6) Stupa of Reconciliation
\nCommemorates the Buddha’s reconciliation of the disputing factions within the Sangha at Veluvana bamboo grove at Rajagriha.<\/p>\n

The Chorten of reconciliation<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

According to Lam Neten of Wangduephodrang this Chorten commemorated the Buddha\u2019s resolution of a dispute among the Sanga or among the Buddhist community.<\/p>\n

\u201cA Chorten in this design was built in the kingdom of Magadha, where the reconciliation occurred.<\/p>\n

It has four octagonal steps with equal sides.\u201d<\/p>\n

\n

\"\"\"\"<\/a> (7) Stupa of Complete Victory
\nCommemorates the Buddha’s prolonging of his life by three months at the city of Vaisali, when he was 80 years of age.<\/p>\n

The Chorten of complete victory<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

When the Buddha was 80 years old, on the request of the king of the evils Buddha decided to attain the state of Parinirvana. But the devotees again requested the Buddha to still stay alive.<\/p>\n

So, the Buddha then prolonged his life by three months.<\/p>\n

In order to commemorate the prolonged life of Buddha this Chorten of complete victory was built.<\/p>\n

It has only three steps, which are circular and unadorned.<\/p>\n

\n

\"\"<\/a>(8) Stupa of Parinirvana
\nCommemorates the Buddha’s passing away beyond sorrow between two sal trees at the city of Kushinigara.<\/p>\n

The common elements of these eight types of stupas are the foundation up to the lion throne, and the upper part from the rings upward. The middle section is where the different forms are realized.<\/p>\n

The Chorten of Nirvana\"\"<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

This Chorten refers to the death of the Buddha, when he was 80 years old. It symbolises the Buddha\u2019s complete absorption in to the highest state of mind.<\/p>\n

It is bell shaped and usually not ornamented.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The Lam Neten of Wangduephodrang said that building a Chorten is considered extremely beneficial leaving very positive and accumulating merits in one\u2019s life. \u201cAt times we should circumambulate the stupa with the inner thought of the teachings of the great masters,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

Buddhists believe destroying or vandalising a stupa on the other hand is considered an extremely negative deed. According to the Lam Neten, such an action is believed to create massive negative karmic imprints leading to the massive future problems during the present stay and even after death.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

There are five mantras that Lama Zopa Rinpoche says should go in all statues and stupas. Mantras should always be rolled starting from the beginning of the mantra with the words rolled inside. Once rolled, one should draw an arrow on the outside of the roll indicating which side is up. Always place the mantras right side up inside the stupa or statue. If the statue or stupa is very small, then you can roll all five mantras together so they will all fitinside. Alternatively, you can make rolls of each of the five individually and put them inside in any order. If one has also the set of mantras called de.nga, the five powerful mantras, one can also put some of these inside, though the main portion of mantras placed inside should consist of the five mantras below.<\/p>\n

The five mantras are:
\n(1) Stainless Beam root mantra, (2) Stainless Beam mantra, (3) the Most Precious Mantra Ornament of Enlightenment, (4) the Most Precious Mantra of the Secret Relic, and (5) Stainless Pinnacle mantra.<\/p>\n

Regarding the tsog.shing mantra at the bottom of this page, this is to be written in gold in the four directions on the central pole (life tree) of large statues and stupas.<\/p>\n

Regarding the Stainless Beam mantra, Lama Zopa Rinpoche says that if you offer a bell to a stupa that contains this mantra, the sound of the bell will purify the ten non-virtues and the five uninterrupted negative karmas of all who hear it. Also, if one circumambulates a stupa or statue that contains this mantra, it will also purify the ten non-virtues and the five uninterrupted negative karmas.<\/p>\n

Regarding the Most Precious Mantra Ornament of Enlightenment, by putting this inside one receives the benefit of building 100,000 stupas.<\/p>\n

Regarding the Most Precious Mantra of the Secret Relic, if one circumambulates a stupa that contains even one of these mantras, it will purify the causes ofthe eight hot hells.<\/p>\n

THE TWENTY-FOUR ELEMENTS OF A STUPA<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/td>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
24. tog<\/td>\ntop<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23. nyima<\/td>\nsun<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22. dawa<\/td>\nmoon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21. chhar kheb<\/td>\nrain cover<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20. thugje dozung<\/td>\nsymbol of compassion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19. zar tshag<\/td>\ncanopy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18. pho tshag<\/td>\nfather ring<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17. mokhor<\/td>\nmother ring<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16. chhokhor chusum<\/td>\n13 dharmachakras<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15. dug deg padma<\/td>\nlotus parasol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14. dre<\/td>\nharmika<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13. dre ten<\/td>\nsupport for the harmika<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12. dre men<\/td>\nfoundation of the harmika<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11. bumpa<\/td>\nvase<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10. go khyim<\/td>\ndoor of the vase<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9. bum daen<\/td>\nseat of the vase<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8. bang rim<\/td>\nsteps<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7. ge chu<\/td>\n10 virtues<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5. bae gam<\/td>\nlarge lotuses (balcony)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4. bae chung<\/td>\nsmall lotuses (small border)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3. dong chen<\/td>\nface<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2. them kae<\/td>\nstairs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1. sa dzin<\/td>\nfoundation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

For our purposes let’s label 4 sections:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1
\n2 – 6
\n7 – 8
\n9 – 11
\n12 – 14
\n15 – 18
\n19 – 24<\/td>\n		the base
\nthe throne
\nthe 4 steps
\nthe vase
\nthe harmika
\nthe 13 rings
\nthe top<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

FILLING A STUPA<\/p>\n

1. The throne:
\nshould be filled with the “wordly” substances and ojects, not mantras or statues or texts etc. You can place 4 vases in the throne –
\ni) treasure vase containing gold, silver, pearls, turquoise, conch shells and other jewels and semi-precious stones etc.
\nii) grains vase containing wheat, barley, rice, yellow peas and unhusked rice
\niii) medicinal vase containing (Tib.) le tre, gyatso luwa, kanda kari (half caterpillar, half fungus), lagpa wangpo and shudag karpo
\niv) aromatics vase containing red and white sandalwoods, camphor saffron, nutmeg
\nOther items are new clothing, weapons, knives, cars, globe of the world, honey, butter, sugar, tea, meat, five coloured cloths (signifying the five wisdoms), magazines, pictures of masses of people, pictures of famous, influential people, pictures of rich people, soil etc. from holy places.\u00a0 If there is much space then it can be filled with more grains and other foodstuffs (sealed off from insects), and incense and aromatic wood etc. The Dzambala mandala should go in the throne under the sog.shing.<\/p>\n

2. The sog.shing (life-tree or life-wood) goes through the centre of the stupa from the base of the steps (bang rim) up to the top of the 13 rings.<\/p>\n

3. The 4 steps and vase:
\nfilled with Dharma objects such as tsatsas and statues, mantras, texts, relics. Imagining that a buddha is sitting inside the stupa with the head touching the top of the vase and the legs crossed at the base of the 4 steps, the various statues, mantra rolls texts and relics should be placed at the appropriate level. The largest number of mantras should be the 4 Dharmakaya Relic mantras which can be placed anywhere.<\/p>\n

This is advice given directly by Lama Zopa Rinpoche regarding stupas –<\/p>\n

The two garlands on either side of the 13 rings should not be regarded as optional, as decorations. They have significance as they symbolize the 2 truths.
\nDec 26, 2011 Once a stupa has been consecrated there should not be any structural work done on the body of the stupa, such as drilling, chipping or modifying. Adding things, like paint, decorations, is OK. If renovation work has to be done there is a special process for temorarily “storing” the transcendental wisdom invoked during the consecration.
\nJan 7, 2011 “All stupas have 4 levels, it signifies the 4 mindfulness’s of the 37 wings to Enlightenment. Rinpoche said he has seen stupas with 3 levels but better to keep to 4 as it has significance.”<\/p>\n

Contents of Stupa<\/a><\/h2>\n
\n
\n

This Stupa of great liberation through eye sight will contain the following texts and statues:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n
1. In the upper part, there will be the mandala \u201ceu sel drim\u00e9 ki \u201c, Victory banners will be located in the four directions, and in the lower part, will be the seats of body and mind.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Le mandala \u201ceu sel drim\u00e9 ki\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

The mandala \u201ceu sel drim\u00e9 ki\u201d comprises:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

All statues will be bought in Nepal, all texts will come from the Tibetan printers of Delhi.<\/p>\n

Seat of the mind touk ten<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kadampas stupas, and the eight noble stupas, two-feet tall.<\/p>\n

In total, 108 stupas will come from Nepal. The global budget for the seats of body, speech and mind has been included in the estimate provided by the architect.<\/p>\n

1. The reason why there is a Tree of Life inside stupas and statues, is because it represents our central channel or nadi, as explained by Dordrak rigdzin chenpo P\u00e9ma Trinl\u00e9 in the text \u201cMirror of Sapphire\u201d.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0In front of the Tree of Life stands the wheel \u201ctsok dak langpo\u201d, as illustrated below. It is an emanation of the great being of compassion Avalokiteshvra and the source of all wealth. This wheel will be made of red copper and will be 2.5 feet wide.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

3. Around each mandala, 7 traditional silver offering bowls, a silver vase, a silver offering mandala, a silver butter lamp, a vajra, a bell, a damaru, a silver serkyem for offerings to Mahakala, and a kapala. In all four directions, all these offerings will be present.<\/p>\n

4. Around the vase of the stupa, the following offerings will be made in the four directions: the 8 auspicious signs, the 8 auspicious substances, the 7 possessions of the universal monarch, the 5 objects of pleasure, the 7 types of jewels. All these offerings will be made in copper.<\/p>\n

5. Sound offerings: various cymbals, drums, gyaling, large horns, conchs, and small cymbals, all in the four directions.<\/p>\n

6. In the center of the vase, the mandala \u201ctsouk tor drim\u00e9 ki\u201d will stand, as illustrated below:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

7. The base of the vase will comprise the following wheels neu djin po khor mo khor. The reason is that, through blessings of the Seats of Body and Mind, the suffering in all countries due to poverty, hunger and thirst will be dispelled. Thus, all beings will experience joy, happiness, and prosperity. These two-feet-wide wheels will be in copper.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

The total amount for the seats of body and mind has been included in the architect\u2019s estimate.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

1. First of all, above the vase, thirteen levels and the summit will be in copper covered by gold, to 11.26 meters height.<\/p>\n

\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Vajrakila<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

2. In the cavity of the vase, a 3-meter-high Vajrakila statue will be placed as below, made from clay, mendroup and precious medicinal substances.<\/p>\n

3. In this stupa of great liberation through eye sight, there will be 3 temples. The temples (A,B,C) shall comprise the following statues:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

A<\/p>\n

A. \u00a0In the first temple, a 2-meters-high statue of thousand-arms Avalokiteshvara will be placed, surrounded by the 8 noble Boddhisttvas, 1.5-meter, all made from clay, men droup and precious medicinal substances.<\/p>\n

\"\"B<\/p>\n

B. In the second temple, a Sakyamuni Buddha statue, 3.5-meter-high, surrounded by 1.5-meter Shariputra and Mauglayana on the the right, 2-meters Longchenpa and Pema Lingpa on the left, all made from clay, men droup and precious medicinal substances.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

C<\/p>\n

C. In the third temple, a 2.5 meter Gourou nang sid sil neu surrounded by 1.5-meter Yeshe Tsogyal and Mandarava on the right, 2-meter Guru drakpo and Dorj\u00e9 Drolo on the left, all made from clay, mendroup and precious medicinal substances.<\/p>\n

The total amount for the 13 levels of the summit, all statues, substances contents and paintings of frescoes, has been included in the architect\u2019s estimate.\u00a0.<\/p>\n

In all 8 stupas, the following\u00a0texts and statues will be placed:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Seat of the Mind touk ten<\/strong><\/p>\n

In each stupa, there will be a kadampa stupa, 3000 tsa-tsa, mandalas, a Tree of Life, offerings, a wheel tsok dak langpo, a wheel neu djin po khor mo khor and offerings as in the large stupa.<\/p>\n

The total amount for the seats of body, speech and mind has been included in the architect\u2019s estimate.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    (1) Stupa of Heaped Lotuses Commemorates the Buddha’s birth at Lumbini, where he took seven steps in each of the four directions, from which lotuses sprang. The Lotus Blossom Chorten The Chorten is also known as the Chorten of heaped Lotuses. It refers to the birth of the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19560,"featured_media":15900,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[451],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12562","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cultura-budista"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cintamani.com.br\/loja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12562","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cintamani.com.br\/loja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cintamani.com.br\/loja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cintamani.com.br\/loja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19560"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cintamani.com.br\/loja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12562"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cintamani.com.br\/loja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12562\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":90149,"href":"https:\/\/www.cintamani.com.br\/loja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12562\/revisions\/90149"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cintamani.com.br\/loja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15900"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cintamani.com.br\/loja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12562"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cintamani.com.br\/loja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12562"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cintamani.com.br\/loja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12562"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}